In India, child custody disputes are typically resolved through the family court system, where the best interests of the child are paramount. Here's an overview of the procedures followed in Indian courts for resolving child custody disputes: Filing of Petition: The process usually begins with one or both parents filing a petition for child custody in the family court having jurisdiction over the matter. The petition should outline the details of the dispute, including the parties involved, the child's age, and the desired custody arrangement. Mediation and Counseling: In some cases, the court may refer the parties to mediation or counseling sessions to attempt to reach a mutually agreeable custody arrangement outside of court. Mediation is a voluntary process where a neutral third party facilitates communication and negotiation between the parents to reach a settlement. Evidence and Testimony: If mediation is unsuccessful or not applicable, the court will proceed with formal hearings where both parties present evidence and testimony to support their respective custody claims. This may include witnesses, expert opinions, and documentary evidence relevant to the child's welfare and upbringing. Best Interests of the Child: The primary consideration of the court in child custody disputes is the best interests of the child. The court will evaluate various factors to determine what custody arrangement will serve the child's physical, emotional, and psychological well-being. Factors considered may include the child's age, health, education, relationship with each parent, and stability of the proposed custody arrangement. Guardian ad Litem: In complex cases or situations where the child's best interests are unclear, the court may appoint a guardian ad litem or child welfare officer to represent the child's interests and make recommendations regarding custody. The guardian ad litem may conduct interviews, assess the child's living conditions, and provide input to the court based on their findings. Judicial Determination: After considering all the evidence and testimony presented, the court will make a decision regarding child custody based on the best interests of the child. The court may grant sole custody to one parent or joint custody to both parents, depending on the circumstances of the case. Enforcement and Modification: Once a custody order is issued by the court, both parents are legally obligated to comply with its terms. Failure to comply may result in enforcement actions by the court. Additionally, custody orders may be modified in the future if there is a significant change in circumstances affecting the child's welfare. Overall, child custody disputes in Indian courts are resolved through a legal process that prioritizes the best interests of the child and seeks to ensure their well-being and stability following parental separation or divorce.